Bogor palace | History and definition of the Bogor Palace

Bogor palace is one of six Presidential Palace of the Republic of Indonesia, which has unique characteristics due to aspects of historical, cultural, and fauna. One is the existence of the deer imported directly from Nepal and maintained from the beginning until now.

There is now a trend Bogor and its surrounding residents every Saturday, Sunday and other holidays walk in around the Bogor Palace while feeding the deer that live in the beautiful palace in Bogor with carrots pages obtained from traditional farmers Bogor residents are always ready to peddle the carrots are every holiday. As the name suggests, this palace is located in Bogor, West Java.

Although various activities of state has not done anymore, the public were allowed to visit the troupe, with the previous permission to the Secretary of State, cq Head of Household Presidency.

Bogor Palace formerly Buitenzorg or Sans Souci, which means "no worries".

From 1870 to 1942, the Bogor Palace was the official residence of Governor-General of 38 Dutch and one British Governor-General.

In 1744 the Governor-General Baron Gustaaf Willem Van Imhoff struck for peace a small village in Bogor (New Village), a territory of the former Kingdom of Pajajaran located upstream of Batavia. Van Imhoff has plans to build the region as an agricultural area and resting place for the Governor-General.

Bogor Palace was built in August 1744 and shaped the three, was originally a cottage, he makes sketches and build from year 1745 to 1750, modeled after the architecture Blehheim Palace, residence of the Duke of Malborough, near the city of Oxford in England. Gradually gradually, over time the changes to the initial construction done during the Governor-General of the Dutch and English (Herman Willem Daendels and Sir Stamford Raffles), forms the building Bogor Palace has undergone various changes. so that was a vacation home turned into a palace building with spacious yard paladian 28.4 acres and building area of ​​14,892 m².

However, disaster struck on October 10, 1834 an earthquake shook the result of the eruption of Mount Salak so that palace of was badly damaged.

In 1850, the Bogor Palace was rebuilt, but did not rise again because it adapted to the situation of the region's frequent earthquakes. During the administration of Governor-General Jacob Duijmayer Albertus van Twist (1851-1856) the old building was demolished and the rest of the quake was built by taking European architecture of the 19th century.

In 1870, Buitenzorg palace used as the official residence of Governor General of Dutch East Indies. Buitenzorg palace's last occupant was the Governor-General van Starkenborg Tjarda Stachourwer who was forced to hand over the palace to General Imamura, pemeritah Japanese occupation.

In 1950, after independence, the Presidential Palace in Bogor began to be used by the Indonesian government, and officially became one of the Indonesian Presidential Palace.

In 1968 the Bogor Palace was officially opened for public visits on the blessing of President Suharto. Flow of visitors from outside and within the country annually reach about 10 thousand people.

On 15 November 1994, Bogor Palace became the annual meeting of economic ministers of APEC (Asia-Pacific Economy Cooperation), and there was issued the Bogor Declaration. [1] The Declaration is a commitment of 18 APEC member countries to hold free perdangangan and investment before 2020.

On August 16, 2002, during the reign of President Megawati, held a "glow of freedom" to commemorate the anniversary of the RI-57, and enlivened by the appearance of Twilite Orchestra, with conductor Addie MS

On July 9, 2005 President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono has married his son, Agus Yudhoyono in Bogor Palace Anisa Pohan.

On 20 November 2006 U.S. President George W. Bush establish a state visit to Bogor Palace and met with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. This brief visit lasted for six hours.

Previous Bogor Palace is equipped with a large garden, known as the Bogor Botanical Gardens, but according to the need for a center of science to tropical plants, the Bogor Botanical Gardens shade removed from palace of in 1817.

Bogor Palace has a main building with the left wing and right. The entire palace complex, reaching 1.5 hectares.

Bogor Palace main building consist of:

1. The main building serves to hold palace of's official state events, meetings and ceremonies.
2. Left wing of the building which has six bedrooms used to entertain foreign guests.
3. The right wing of the building with four bedrooms only intended for heads of state who come to visit.
4. In 1964 a specially constructed building known as the resting space Dyah Bayurini as president and his family, this building includes five separate pavilions.
5. Private Office of the Head of State
6. Library
7. The dining room
8. The courtroom ministers and screening room
9. Space Garuda as the official ceremony
10. Space lotus as a wing of the reception state guests.

Bathroom | Design latest Bathroom | Understanding and definition of Bathroom | A healthy bathroom

A bathroom is a room that may have different functions depending on the cultural context. In the most literal sense, the word bathroom means "a room with a bath". Because the traditional bathtubs have partly made way for modern showers, including steam showers, the more general definition is "a room where one bathes".

There can be just a shower (or shower-bath), just a bath (or bathtub) or both; and often both plumbing fixtures are combined in the bathtub. The room may also contain a sink (or wash basin or hand basin), a lavatory and a bidet.

In the United States, "bathroom" commonly means "a room containing a lavatory". In other countries this is usually called the "toilet" or alternatively "water closet" (WC), lavatory or "loo". The word "bathroom" is also used in the U.S. for a public toilet (the more formal U.S. term being "restroom").

Although it was not with hygiene in mind, the first records for the use of baths date back as far as 3000 B.C. At this time water had a strong religious value, being seen as a purifying element for both body and soul, and so it was not uncommon for people to be required to cleanse themselves before entering a sacred area. Baths are recorded as part of a village or town life throughout this period, with a split between steam baths in Europe and America and cold baths in Asia. Communal baths were erected in a distinctly separate area to the living quarters of the village, with a view to preventing evil spirits from entering the domestic quarters of a commune.

The third millennium B.C. was the "Age of Cleanliness." Toilets and sewers were invented in several parts of the world, and Mohenjo-Daro circa 2800 B.C. had some of the most advanced, with lavatories built into the outer walls of houses. These were "Western-style" toilets made from bricks with wooden seats on top. They had vertical chutes, through which waste fell into street drains or cesspits. Sir Mortimer Wheeler, the director general of archaeology in India from 1944 to 1948, wrote, "The high quality of the sanitary arrangements could well be envied in many parts of the world today."

Nearly all of the hundreds of houses excavated had their own bathing rooms. Generally located on the ground floor, the bath was made of brick, sometimes with a surrounding curb to sit on. The water drained away through a hole in the floor, down chutes or pottery pipes in the walls, into the municipal drainage system. Even the fastidious Egyptians rarely had special bathrooms.

Not all ancient baths were in the style of the large pools that often come to mind when one imagines the Roman baths; the earliest surviving bathtub dates back to 1700 B.C, and hails from the Palace of Knossos in Crete. What is remarkable about this tub is not only the similarity with the baths of today, but also the way in which the plumbing works surrounding it differ so little from modern models. A more advanced prehistoric (15th century BC and before) system of baths and plumbing is to be found in the excavated town of Akrotiri, on the Aegean island of Thera. There, alabaster tubs and other bath fittings were found, along with a sophisticated twin plumbing system to transport hot and cold water separately. This was probably because of easy access to geothermic hot springs on this volcanic island. Both the Greeks and the Romans recognised the value of bathing as an important part of their lifestyles. Writers such as Homer had their heroes bathe in warm water so as to regain their strength; it is perhaps notable that the mother of Achilles bathed him in order to gain his invincibility. Palaces have been uncovered throughout Greece with areas that are dedicated to bathing, spaces with ceramic bathtubs, as well as sophisticated drainage systems. Homer uses the word λοετρά, loetrá, "baths", later λουτρά, loutrá, from the verb λούειν, loúein, to bathe. The same root finds an even earlier attestation on Linear B tablets, in the name of the River Lousios ("bathing" [river]), in Arcadia. Public baths are mentioned by the comedian Aristophanes as βαλανεία, balaneía (Sing.: βαλανείον, balaneíon, Latinized as balneum, a "balneary").

The Roman attitudes towards bathing are well documented; they built large purpose-built thermal baths, marking not only an important social development, but also providing a public source of relaxation and rejuvenation. Here was a place where people could meet to discuss the matters of the day and enjoy entertainment. During this period there was a distinction between private and public baths, with many wealthy families having their own thermal baths in their houses. Despite this they still made use of the public baths, showing the value that they had as a public institution. The strength of the Roman Empire was telling in this respect; imports from throughout the world allowed the Roman citizens to enjoy ointments, incense, combs, and mirrors.

Although some sources suggest that bathing declined following the collapse of the Roman Empire, this is not completely accurate. It was actually the Middle Ages that saw the beginning of soap production, proof that bathing was definitely not uncommon. It was only after the Renaissance that bathing declined; water was feared as a carrier of disease, and thus sweat baths and heavy perfumes were preferred.

In fact throughout the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries, the use of public baths declined gradually in the west, and private spaces were favoured, thus laying the foundations for the bathroom, as it was to become, in the 20th century. However in Japan shared bathing in sento and onsen (spas) still exists; the latter being very popular.

In the United States, bathrooms are generally categorized as master bathroom, containing a shower and a tub that is adjoining to a master bedroom, a "full bathroom" (or "full bath"), containing four plumbing fixtures: bathtub, shower, toilet, and sink; "half (1/2) bath" (or "powder room") containing just a toilet and sink; and "3/4 bath" containing toilet, sink, and shower, although the terms vary from market to market. In some U.S. markets, a toilet, sink, and shower are considered a "full bath". This lack of a single, universal definition commonly results in discrepancies between advertised and actual number of baths in real estate listings. An additional complication is that there are currently two ways of notating the number of bathrooms in a dwelling. One method is to count a half bathroom as ".5" and then add this to the number of full bathrooms (e.g., "2.5" baths would mean 2 full baths and 1 half bath). The other, newer method is to put the number of full bathrooms to the left side of the decimal point and to put the number of half bathrooms to the right of the decimal point (e.g., "2.1" would mean 2 full baths and 1 half bath; "3.2" would mean 3 full baths and 2 half baths).

The design of a bathroom must account for the use of both hot and cold water, in significant quantities, for cleaning the human body. The water is also used for moving solid and liquid human waste to a sewer or septic tank. Water may be splashed on the walls and floor, and hot humid air may cause condensation on cold surfaces. From a decorating point of view the bathroom presents a challenge. Ceiling, wall and floor materials and coverings should be impervious to water and readily and easily cleaned. The use of ceramic or glass, as well as smooth plastic materials, is common in bathrooms for their ease of cleaning. Such surfaces are often cold to the touch, however, and so water-resistant bath mats or even bathroom carpets may be used on the floor to make the room more comfortable. Alternatively, the floor may be heated, possibly by strategically placing heater conduits close to the surface.

Electrical appliances, such as lights, heaters, and heated towel rails, generally need to be installed as fixtures, with permanent connections rather than plugs and sockets. This minimizes the risk of electric shock. Ground-fault circuit interruptor electrical sockets can reduce the risk of electric shock, and are required for bathroom socket installation by electrical and building codes in the United States and Canada. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, only special sockets suitable for electric shavers are permitted in bathrooms, and are labelled as such. UK Building Regulations also define what type of electrical light fittings (i.e. how water-/splash-proof) may be installed in the areas (zones) around and above baths, sinks and showers.